We found that ketamine-induced functional connectivity changes are sex-dependent and are modulated by opioid receptor blockade. We also quantified dynamic functional connectivity measures, and found that ketamine produced an opioid-dependent shift toward states of increased dysconnectivity and brain entropy, but only in male rats.

This is a follow-up on our previous study, and extends our findings of opioid-mediated and sex-dependent effects of subanesthetic ketamine.

Open access paper available here.